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Renal transplant, or kidney transplantation, is a surgical procedure performed to replace a diseased or non-functioning kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor. It is considered the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as it can significantly improve quality of life and survival rates compared to dialysis. Donors can be either living or deceased, with living donors often being a family member or a close match to reduce the risk of rejection. The procedure involves placing the new kidney in the lower abdomen and connecting it to the patient's blood vessels and bladder. Post-transplant management includes lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent organ rejection, along with regular monitoring for potential complications such as infections, rejection episodes, or the recurrence of kidney disease. Patients are also advised to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, to support the longevity of the transplant. Successful kidney transplantation offers patients the possibility of leading a normal life free from the constraints of dialysis.